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Insects and Diseases Individual descriptions of pests as well as scouting and management strategies can be found on www.DryBeanAgronomy.ca. Recommended treatments to control insects, pests and diseases can be found on the OMAFA Crop Protection Hub. Frost and Hail Damage Both frost and hail can be devastating to a bean crop. The extent of early-season […]
Dry edible beans are sensitive to damage at harvest. Beans are sold based on eye appeal so seed coat quality and colour are important. Producing beans that are clean, bright and whole is the ultimate goal and timely harvest is paramount to maintaining quality. Know the quality standards for the crop’s market class. The ideal […]
Nitrogen Although dry edible beans are legumes, they obtain less than half their nitrogen requirement through nitrogen fixation. Studies have not shown a benefit to inoculation with rhizobia. Ontario nitrogen research has demonstrated yield increases in some years, but has not shown an economic response to pre-plant incorporated or banded nitrogen. Nitrogen applied pre-flower does […]
Bean varieties are characterized by their growth habitat. Indeterminate plants continuously grow and exhibit long vines. Most of the commonly grown bean types have a semi-determinate growth habit, meaning they continue to grow after flowering begins and develop short to long vines. Determinate types tend to flower and ripen over a short period. Determinate types […]
Seed Quality Using high-quality, pedigreed seed from inspected fields is important to promote early season vigour and reduce the risk of seed-borne disease. Bacterial blights, anthracnose and BCMV are seed-borne diseases that cause serious issues in some years. Most coloured bean seed (except black bean seed) is imported from arid growing regions in the U.S. […]
Annual variety performance information is published by the Ontario Pulse Crop Committee at www.GoCrops.ca Before deciding on a marketing class, carefully consider the unique production requirements and risks for each class. There are differing seed sizes and plant architectures that may dictate the required equipment and harvest method, and for some classes there are distinct […]
The most important factors in field selection include: Soil Type and Structure Fields planted to dry edible beans are susceptible to soil erosion due to late planting, slow growth and the relatively poor root systems of the crop. The crop canopy and crop residue only protect the soil for a relatively short period of the […]
Dry edible beans grow best in soils with excellent soil structure and good drainage. The seedbed requirements are similar to those for soybeans, including a firm seedbed to enhance a uniform planting depth and good seed-to-soil contact to promote rapid and uniform emergence. The best, highest-yielding stands come from beans that emerge within a week […]
Growing Degree Days Growing degree days (GDD), an estimate of accumulated heat, are used to predict the growth and development of plants, insects and diseases during the growing season. Insect, disease and plant development are very dependent on temperature and the daily accumulation of heat. The amount of heat required to advance a plant or […]
Field scouting records are an essential tool for making current and future management decisions. Using a field scouting form or smartphone/tablet application will help standardize the recording of field observations. Once recorded, add the scouting data to the field record files (paper, electronic or both). Computer software is also available to record and manipulate data […]
When scouting for insects that move too quickly in the canopy to be spotted or counted, or insects which are difficult to detect, it may be beneficial to use a drop cloth, insect traps or a sweep net to collect and count them. Using a Drop Cloth Spread a white drop cloth on the ground […]
Planting In March 2024, Statistics Canada estimated Ontario farmers intended to plant 2.3 million acres of grain corn, 5% higher than the 5-year (2019-2023) average seeded acres of 2.2 million acres (OMAFA Crop Statistics). Unsettled weather and highly variable planting progress dominated the spring of 2024. Frequent rains through April limited early corn planting. Frequent […]
A wet spring pushed Ontario soybean acres to a record high of 3.1 million acres seeded in 2024. This was up 7% from 2023. To date, with approximately half of yields reported the provincial yield is above average at 108%. This number will be updated in January when all acres have been reported. The Agricorp […]
2023 Planting Conditions Winter wheat, barley and triticale seeding began in mid-September for those planting after canola, early planted, short season soybeans or some early maturing edible bean fields. In most regions however, winter cereal seeding was delayed to late September or early October due to a delay in soybean maturity. Persistent dry conditions through […]
Meghan Moran In 2023, Ontario dry bean acres had dropped below 100,000 acres which was the lowest in a decade. In 2024, acres returned to a more typical level for the province, at around 116,000 acres insured by Agricorp. White beans accounted for about 40% of the dry bean acres, and black beans reached their […]