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Soil management refers to how a farmer works with their soil to produce crops. It includes all management aspects that impact soil, including the types and sequence of crops grown, residue management, tillage intensity and frequency, nutrient and pH management, and soil amendment application. Soil management has a strong influence on the productivity of any […]
Dry green soybean seeds at harvest are the result of an extremely dry growing season, especially during July and August and is more common on soils with poor water holding capacity. Green soybeans can occur even if the seed moisture has fallen below 13%. These green seeds are not the large unripe green beans that […]
Heavy rains soon after planting causing ponding will reduce plant stands due to crusting, seed decay, and diseases, see figure 1. If the water subsides in a few days, soybean stands are often still acceptable, although final yield may be impacted. Once plants have emerged the length of time soybeans survive under water depends on […]
Lightning damage is confined to relatively small circular or oval regions with a diameter of 5-10 m (13-30 ft). Damaged areas may take on the shape of the standing or running water that accumulated during a thunderstorm. Plants are usually killed but can survive on the edges of the affected area. Diagnosis is straightforward since […]
Early Season Damage Temperatures as low as -2 °C can be tolerated for short periods of time when soybeans are just emerging or at the VC growth stages. Young plants at the VC stage are slightly more frost tolerant compared to soybeans at the V1 or V2 growth stage. Once trifoliate leaves are present plants […]
Many IP varieties should not be artificially dried, especially with heat. Producers should contact the buyer concerning acceptable moisture levels and possible drying of IP soybeans. Grain Dryers The three basic general types of grain dryers used on farm are: No single drying system is superior to others in every respect. System selection is dependent […]
Soybeans are direct combined, preferably with a combine equipped with a floating flexible cutter bar and automatic header height control. Although soybeans must be stored at a moisture level of 14% or less, they can be harvested when their moisture levels are less than 20%. Harvest losses and mechanical damage may be high when soybeans […]
A pre-harvest herbicide treatment can make harvest more efficient when there are an unacceptable number of weeds in a soybean crop. Both conventional and glyphosate tolerant fields that are weedy can benefit from a pre-harvest herbicide. Drier plant matter will pass more easily through the combine, lowering seed losses and reducing seed staining. Appropriate product […]
The precise yield of a soybean field is notoriously difficult to predict before harvest. This is because seed size can vary by over 30 percent and zones within a field can have drastically different yields depending on soil water holding capacity, disease pressure, topography, etc. Plants with low pod number and combine harvest losses also […]
Soybean leaf tissue analysis involves sampling the top fully developed trifoliates (three leaflets plus petiole) at first flowering. Take at least 20 trifoliates collected randomly from the area in question. Table 1, Interpretation of Plant Analysis for Soybeans, shows expected values at first flower. It’s important not to contaminate leaf tissue with soil. Do not […]
Placement Ontario trials have shown little benefit to banding P and K (5 cm (2 in.) to the side and 5 cm (2 in.) below the seed) compared to broadcast, See Table 1, Soybean Yield Response to Banded Fertilizer in Low-Testing Soils. Both broadcast and banded P and K blends added significant yield compared to […]
Manganese (Mn) is the only micronutrient deficiency diagnosed in soybeans across a wide acreage annually in Ontario, although zinc deficiency may appear where the topsoil has been lost through erosion. Manganese deficiency symptoms appear on upper leaves, ranging from pale green (slight deficiency) to almost white (severe deficiency) with green veins, see figure 1. Soil […]
Potassium is the most important macronutrient required for soybean production in Ontario. Many Ontario soybean fields show potassium deficiency symptoms each year due to the large amount of potassium soybeans require, and the inability of soybean roots to take up potassium in dry soil conditions. Symptoms include yellowing and eventually browning of the margins of […]
Sulphur (S) is an essential nutrient necessary for plant growth. It plays an important role in nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, and protein formation. Over the past decades, air-borne S emissions have drastically reduced in the Great Lake Basin, reducing the amount of S available to crops. Much like nitrogen, S moves downward with soil water through […]
Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are not usually required for soybeans as they obtain most of their nitrogen through biological N fixation and residual soil N reserves. See factsheet, Inoculation and Nodulation. Annual inoculation with the rhizobia Bradyrhizobium japonicum, ensures adequate nodulation and has provided a small yield benefit even in fields with a history of soybeans […]